Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology in a bridged Ethernet network. It uses a combination of protocols, algorithms, and timers to prevent loops while allowing for redundancy.
Here is a cheat sheet for CCNA preparation on Spanning Tree Protocol
STP uses a designated root bridge to determine the least-cost path to the root of the tree.
STP uses a spanning tree algorithm (STA) to calculate the best path to the root bridge.
STP uses bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) to exchange information between bridges and determine the best path.
STP uses three port states: blocking, listening, and forwarding.
STP uses the following timers: hello, forward delay, and max age.
STP uses the following port roles: root, designated, and non-designated.
STP uses the following port states: forwarding, blocking, and disabled.
Cisco has two implementations of STP: PVST+ and RPVST+.
STP can be configured on a Cisco switch using the following commands:
"spanning-tree mode [pvst|rapid-pvst]" - to configure the STP mode
"spanning-tree vlan vlan-id root primary" - to configure the root bridge for a specific VLAN
"spanning-tree vlan vlan-id priority value" - to configure the priority for a specific VLAN
"spanning-tree port-priority value" - to configure the port priority for a specific port
"spanning-tree portfast" - to enable PortFast on a specific port.
STP can be monitored using the following commands:
"show spanning-tree" - to display the STP status and configuration
"show spanning-tree vlan vlan-id" - to display the STP status and configuration for a specific VLAN
"show spanning-tree interface interface-id" - to display the STP status and configuration for a specific interface
"debug spanning-tree events" - to enable STP event debugging
"debug spanning-tree packets" - to enable STP packet debugging
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